As it is said, “don’t shoot the messenger,” but, as Reporters without Boarders shows that neither does the Gulf have a free press nor an uncensored internet.
Herman, E. S., Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing consent. New York: Pantheon Books.
The book came with the following subtitle: “The Political Economy of the Mass Media” (giving context to the work’s main title).
The book contends that the mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”, by means of the propaganda model of communication. The 
https://www.politico.com/story/2018/08/19/giuliani-truth-todd-trump-788161
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/19/truth-isnt-truth-rudy-giuliani-trump-alternative-facts-orwellian
‘Truth isn’t truth’: Giuliani trumps ‘alternative facts’ with new Orwellian outburst
When the definitive history of Donald Trump’s presidency comes to be written, many years hence, 11.02am on Sunday 19 August 2018 will surely be granted a special mention. It was the moment when the phrase was coined that might be said to sum up the spirit of the Trump era: “Truth isn’t truth.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts
“Alternative facts” was a phrase used by U.S. Counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway during a Meet the Press interview on January 22, 2017, in which she defended White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer’s false statement about the attendance numbers at Donald Trump’s first inauguration as President of the United States.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_news#Misuse_of_term
Fake news or information disorder is false or misleading information (misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes) claiming the aesthetics and legitimacy of news.[1] Fake news often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity,[2] or making money through advertising revenue.[3][4] Although false news has always been spread throughout history, the term fake news was first used in the 1890s when sensational reports in newspapers were common
Reporters with various forms of “fake news” from an 1894 illustration by Frederick Burr Opper
| i | This is the website of Dr Emilie J. Rutledge who, with almost two decades’ worth of experience in managing, designing and delivering university-level economics courses, is currently Head of the Economics Department at The Open University.
 erutledge.com  Dr Emilie J. Rutledge Emilie has published over 20 peer-reviewed papers and is the author of “Monetary Union in the Gulf.” Her current research focus is on employability, the feasibility of universal basic incomes and, the oil-rich Arabian Gulf’s economic diversification and labour market reform strategies. On an ad hoc basis, Emilie provides consultancy on developing interactive university courses, alongside analytical insight on the political-economy of the Arabian Gulf. |